单开门微型钢板在颈后路椎管扩大成形术中的应用

2013年3月～2014年5月,我科采用 Centerpiece 微型钢板治疗12例脊髓型颈椎病患者,近期疗效满意,报道如下。     

Characterization of unilateral conjunctival inoculation with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in house finches

House finches in much of the continental United States experience annual epidemics of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis, caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). Although evidence suggests that natural infections typically begin unilaterally, experimental inoculations of songbirds with MG to date have all been administered bilaterally. Furthermore, studies of free-living finches find more severe clinical signs of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in left versus right eyes, but the mechanisms underlying this side bias remain unknown. Here, we characterized unilateral inoculation of house finches with MG, and tested whether differential susceptibility of left versus right conjunctiva explains the side bias in disease severity of free-living finches. We directly inoculated house finches in either the left or right conjunctiva and characterized resulting disease severity and pathogen load throughout the course of infection. As expected, unilateral inoculation resulted in significantly more severe conjunctivitis, as well as higher conjunctival bacterial loads, on whichever side (left or right) birds were directly inoculated. However, in 55% of cases, unilateral inoculations resulted in bilateral disease, and in 85% cases there was evidence of bilateral infection. The overall severity of disease did not differ for birds inoculated in the left versus right conjunctiva, suggesting that physiological differences between the conjunctivae cannot explain the side bias in disease severity of free-living birds. Instead, laterality in exposure, perhaps due to feeding handedness, likely explains the detected field patterns.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

• House finches show more severe disease in the directly inoculated conjunctiva.

• Unilateral inoculations lead to high rates of bilateral infection and disease.

• Overall disease severity does not differ for the left- or right-inoculated conjunctiva.

• Laterality in exposure likely explains the left-side bias in natural infections.

     

单侧固定椎间融合术在腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间不稳手术中应用

目的探讨单侧固定椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间不稳的临床应用价值,报告其初步临床疗效。方法自2010-01-2013-10,使用单侧固定椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间伴不稳36例,采用JOA评分,分析术前与术后评分及融合情况。结果术后JOA平均改善率为(85.1±8.2)%,应用t检验,P0.05,具有统计学差异。结论该术式治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴椎间不稳,具有创伤小、融合率高、术后恢复快等优点,适合临床运用。     

In the Era of Tranexamic Acid,are Type and Screens for Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty Obsolete?

BackgroundAdvances in technique and perioperative blood management have improved transfusion rates following unilateral primary total joint arthroplasty and led some centers to change their preoperative blood ordering protocols. The purpose of this study is to determine whether deleting type and screens (T&S) from preoperative order sets was safe for patients undergoing primary total knee (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to identify patients who required allogenic blood transfusion.MethodsProspectively collected data were reviewed to identify any patient with a hemoglobin (Hgb) drawn within 30 days of surgery who received a transfusion following a unilateral primary TKA or THA.ResultsA total of 1255 patients met inclusion criteria. Of the total, 682 (54%) were TKAs and 573 (46%) were THAs. The mean preoperative Hgb was 11.5 g/dL with an average delta Hgb of 3.6 g/dL on postoperative day 1. No patient required an intraoperative transfusion. Fourteen patients (mean age and body mass index, 67.9 and 29.0) required a transfusion (1.1%) for postoperative blood loss anemia. Of those transfused, 13 (93%) of the patients underwent THA with the mean estimated blood loss of 378.6 mL. The total cost for a patient obtaining a T&S is $191.27.ConclusionIn our series, the risk of blood transfusion was rare (1.1%) and occurred only secondary to postoperative blood loss anemia. There were no cases of intraoperative complication requiring urgent or emergent blood transfusion. Removing T&S from standard order sets for patients undergoing primary TKA or THA appears to be a safe and cost-effective practice.     

同体位斜向椎体间融合与单侧椎弓钉固定技术

[目的]介绍同体位斜向椎体间融合与单侧椎弓钉固定的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法]2018年7月一2019年6月应用同体位下经斜外侧腰椎椎间融合术联合单侧椎弓根螺钉固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病患者43例。患者侧取右侧卧位,左腹部外侧行4cm斜切口,分离腹肌至腹膜后间隙。暴露椎间隙,切除椎间盘,置入填有同种异体骨的融合笼架。患者继续保持右侧卧位,行6 cm后正中旁侧切口,经肌间隙显露相应关节突和横突,置人椎弓根螺钉,装配连接棒固定。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中出血量平均(50.42±10.34)ml;手术时间平均(79.24±12.26)min;总置钉时间平均(18.07±3.63)min。无严重神经、血管损伤。共置入椎弓根螺钉86枚,置钉准确率96.51%。术后1年复查CT,融合率达到100%。术后出现左侧大腿前内侧麻木不适的患者有2例,但均在术后6个月内症状明显改善。[结论]同体位斜向椎体间融合与单侧椎弓钉固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病可精简手术过程,同时缩短手术时间,且具有较高的安全性及较好的临床疗效。     

Spondylocostal dysostosis with tetralogy of Fallot and herniation of the spleen through the diaphragm

Spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD) is a very rare syndrome characterized by vertebral malformation and rib deformity. Some of the patients with SCD have other birth defects in the central nervous system, the genitourinary tract, diaphragm or heart and so forth. There have been reported SCD with complex congenital heart disease, such as pulmonary atresia, double outlet right ventricle, and d‐transposition of great arteries. However, there have been no reported SCD patients with confirmed tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Here, a patient with SCD having a very rare combination of rib defects on the right side and left‐sided scoliosis, tetralogy of Fallot, and diaphragmatic spleen herniation, which had not been reported before, was described.     

针刺在脑卒中后单侧空间忽略康复中的疗效观察

目的:探讨针刺治疗对脑卒中后单侧空间忽略患者单侧空间忽略和日常生活活动能力恢复的影响。方法:将符合条件的69例脑卒中后单侧空间忽略患者随机分为治疗组(34例)和对照组(35例)。2组均给予常规康复治疗和常规内科治疗;治疗组在此基础上进行针刺治疗,每日1次,每次30min,每周5次。两组疗程均为4周。两组患者于治疗前及治疗4周后分别采用数字消去试验、线段删除试验、画钟表试验进行单侧空间忽略程度评定,采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)进行日常生活活动能力评定。结果:与组内治疗前比较,2组患者治疗后单侧空间忽略程度及MBI评分均明显改善(P0.05)。与对照组治疗后比较,治疗组单侧空间忽略程度及MBI评分均明显改善(P0.05),其改善单侧空间忽略的疗效显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:针刺治疗可明显改善脑卒中后单侧空间忽略程度,从而有效提高患者日常生活活动能力,其效果显著优于常规康复治疗。     

早期康复训练联合行为学疗法治疗老年脑卒中偏瘫患者的效果分析

目的：探讨早期康复训练联合行为学疗法治疗老年脑卒中偏瘫患者的效果。方法依据随机数字表将75例老年脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为对照组（38例）和观察组（37例）,两组均给予早期康复训练,仅观察组在此基础上加用行为学疗法;分析治疗前和治疗3、6个月后的步态能力（功能性运动量表 FAC）,下肢运动功能和平衡功能（简式 Fugl-Meyer 运动功能评定量表FMA）,步行相关指标（步速和跨步长度）,日常生活活动能力（Barthel 指数）及偏侧空间忽略情况（直线二等分、线段划消及画钟试验）。结果观察组治疗3 个月后的 FMA 评分中的运动功能、Barthel 指数均优于对照组（P ＜0．05）,且治疗 6个月后的FAC 评分、FMA 评分、步行相关指标、Barthel 指数及偏侧空间忽略情况均优于对照组（P ＜0．05）。结论早期康复训练联合行为学疗法治疗老年脑卒中偏瘫患者的效果较好,不仅可改善偏瘫步态和下肢功能,而且可改善偏侧空间忽略,可在脑卒中偏瘫患者患侧功能训练中实施。